Well Pump Troubleshooting Guide

Before calling for service, try these troubleshooting steps. Many well problems have simple causes you can check yourself. About 30% of service calls are resolved with basic checks that any homeowner can perform.

Problem: No Water At All

Step 1: Check the Electrical Panel

Look for the breaker labeled "well," "pump," or "well pump."

• If tripped (middle position): Reset it firmly OFF then ON. If it trips again immediately, STOP—call for service.
• If it looks normal: Proceed to Step 2.

Step 2: Check the Pressure Switch

Located on or near your pressure tank (usually a small gray box with wires).

• Press the small lever or arm on the pressure switch
• You should hear the pump turn on
• If nothing happens, the switch may be failed or no power is reaching it

Step 3: Check the Pressure Gauge

• Reads 0 PSI: No water in tank, pump not running
• Reads normal (30-50) but no water: Check for closed valves or blockage
• Needle doesn't move: Gauge may be failed

Problem: Low Water Pressure

1. Check pressure tank air charge: Turn off pump, drain tank, check air pressure at valve. Should be 2 PSI below cut-in pressure.
2. Inspect for leaks: Check visible plumbing for drips or sprays.
3. Check filters: Clogged sediment or water filters restrict flow.
4. Check pressure switch settings: May need adjustment.

Problem: Pump Runs But No Water

• Priming issue (jet pumps): Prime line may have lost suction
• Foot valve stuck (jet pumps): May need replacement
• Low water level: Pump drawing from below water line
• Broken drop pipe: Water not reaching surface
• Major leak: Water escaping before reaching house

Problem: Pump Cycles Rapidly (Short-Cycling)

Pump turns on and off every few seconds. Causes:

• Waterlogged pressure tank: Most common cause. Tank bladder has failed.
• Leak in system: Water escaping causes pressure drop.
• Bad check valve: Water draining back into well.
• Pressure switch issue: Cut-in and cut-out too close together.

Problem: Pump Won't Shut Off

• Leak in system: Pump can't build enough pressure
• Pressure switch failed: Contacts welded closed
• Low well yield: Can't keep up with demand
• Failing pump: Can't reach cut-out pressure

When to Call a Professional

• Breaker trips repeatedly
• Burning smell or visible sparks
• Problems persist after basic troubleshooting
• Need to access components inside the well
• Not comfortable working with electrical

Related Resources

• No Water From Well? Emergency Guide
• Well Pump Short Cycling
• Pressure Tank Replacement
• Emergency Well Service