What's the difference between a bladder tank and a diaphragm tank?

Both separate water from air, but differently. Bladder tanks have a balloon-like bladder (replaceable on many models) that expands as water enters. Diaphragm tanks have a flat rubber membrane permanently attached at the tank's center. Bladder tanks are more common for wells; diaphragm tanks are often used in smaller applications.

Which type of pressure tank lasts longer?

Quality bladder tanks typically last 10-15 years with the original bladder, potentially longer with bladder replacement. Diaphragm tanks also last 10-15 years, but the diaphragm cannot be replaced separately—the entire tank must be replaced when it fails. Overall tank shell life is similar.

Can you replace the bladder in a bladder tank?

On many bladder tanks, yes. Tanks with a top flange (like Well-X-Trol and some Flexcon models) allow bladder replacement for $50-$150 in parts. This can extend tank life significantly. However, some bladder tanks have welded tops and aren't serviceable. Diaphragm tanks cannot have their membranes replaced.

Which is better for a residential well: bladder or diaphragm?

Bladder tanks are generally better for residential wells due to larger size availability, higher drawdown efficiency, and the option for bladder replacement on many models. Diaphragm tanks work fine but are more common in smaller applications like booster systems and expansion tanks.

Why do well pressure tanks fail?

The most common failure is the bladder or diaphragm developing holes from constant flexing, chlorine exposure, sediment abrasion, or age. When this happens, water contacts the air side, the tank becomes waterlogged, and can't maintain proper pressure. Shell corrosion (on steel tanks) is the second most common failure.

How do I know if my pressure tank bladder has failed?

Signs include: rapid pump cycling (short cycling), water spraying from the air valve when pressed, tank feels completely full of water (very heavy), inconsistent water pressure, or visible rust at the air valve from internal moisture. You can test by pushing the air valve—if water comes out, the bladder has failed.

What size pressure tank do I need?

Tank size depends on pump flow rate and desired drawdown. A general rule: multiply pump GPM by 1.5 to get minimum tank size in gallons. For a 10 GPM pump, use at least a 15-gallon tank (actual drawdown is about 1/3 of rated size). Most homes with standard wells use 50-85 gallon tanks.

Do pressure tanks need maintenance?

Minimal but important. Check air pressure annually (should be 2 PSI below cut-in pressure when empty). Look for rust or corrosion on steel tanks. Listen for waterlogged operation (rapid cycling). Most tanks need no other routine maintenance—but catching problems early prevents pump damage.