SC By SCWS Team | January 18, 2026 | 10 min read
Jet Pump vs Submersible Pump: Which Is Best for Your Well?
Choosing between a jet pump and submersible pump for your well? This decision affects your water pressure, energy bills, maintenance needs, and system longevity for the next 15-25 years. Both pump types have their place, but one is almost always a better fit depending on your well depth, water demands, and property layout. Here's everything you need to know to make the right choice.
⚡ Quick Answer
Submersible pumps are better for most wells—they're more efficient, quieter, and work at any depth. Jet pumps make sense for very shallow wells (under 25 feet), situations requiring easy access for frequent repairs, or where well casing is too narrow for a submersible.
Understanding the Two Pump Types
Before diving into the comparison, let's understand how each pump works—because the mechanics drive all the differences in performance, efficiency, and maintenance.
How Jet Pumps Work
Jet pumps sit above ground—in a pump house, basement, or well pit. They create suction through an impeller and venturi assembly to pull water up from the well. Think of it like drinking through a straw: the pump creates negative pressure that draws water upward.
There are two types of jet pumps:
- Shallow well jet pumps: Single pipe system, limited to wells where water is within 25 feet of the surface
- Deep well jet pumps: Two-pipe system with an ejector assembly down in the well, can reach 70-90 feet in ideal conditions
How Submersible Pumps Work
Submersible pumps are installed deep inside the well itself, completely underwater. Instead of pulling water up, they push it from below. The motor and pump are sealed in a waterproof housing that sits near the bottom of the well, with only the electrical wire and water pipe running to the surface.
This "push vs. pull" difference is fundamental. Pushing water is far more efficient than creating suction, which is why submersibles dominate in modern well systems.
📊 Side-by-Side Comparison
| Factor | Jet Pump | Submersible Pump |
|---|---|---|
| Location | Above ground | Inside the well |
| Max Depth | 25 ft (shallow) / 70-90 ft (deep) | Unlimited (commonly 400+ ft) |
| Efficiency | 25-40% | 50-70% |
| Noise Level | Noticeable | Silent |
| Lifespan | 10-15 years | 15-25 years |
| Pump Cost | $400-$1,200 | $600-$2,500 |
| Installation Cost | $300-$600 | $1,000-$3,000+ |
| Repair Access | Easy (above ground) | Requires pulling from well |
| Priming Required | Yes | No (self-priming) |
| Freeze Risk | Yes (above ground) | No (underground) |
Depth: The Deciding Factor
For most San Diego County wells, depth alone determines the answer. Here's why:
Physics Limits Jet Pump Performance
Jet pumps rely on suction, and atmospheric pressure limits how much suction you can create. At sea level, the theoretical maximum lift is about 34 feet—but friction, elevation, and temperature reduce this to about 25 feet in practice for shallow well jet pumps.
Deep well jet pumps use a clever workaround: they send some water back down the well through a second pipe to an ejector, which helps boost the incoming water. This extends their reach to 70-90 feet, but efficiency drops dramatically as depth increases.
📍 San Diego County Reality
Most wells in San Diego County are 150-400+ feet deep. At these depths, jet pumps simply don't work. If your static water level is below 70-90 feet, a submersible pump is your only option—and that describes the vast majority of local wells.
When Jet Pumps Make Sense
Despite their limitations, jet pumps are sometimes the right choice:
- Very shallow wells: Hand-dug or driven point wells under 25 feet
- Surface water applications: Drawing from springs, cisterns, or ponds
- Narrow well casings: Wells under 4" diameter can't fit most submersibles
- Frequent troubleshooting needs: If you expect regular repairs, above-ground access helps
- Temporary or backup systems: Easier to install and remove
Efficiency and Operating Costs
The efficiency difference between these pump types significantly impacts your long-term costs.
Why Submersible Pumps Use Less Power
Submersible pumps convert 50-70% of electrical energy into useful water movement. Jet pumps typically achieve only 25-40%, with efficiency dropping as depth increases. The reasons:
- No suction losses: Submersibles push water instead of creating vacuum
- Cooler operation: Surrounding water cools the motor, reducing energy waste
- Direct drive: The impellers are right at the water source
- No air handling: Jet pumps waste energy managing air in the system
Jet Pump Operating Cost
$30-$50/month
Typical 1HP jet pump running 4-6 hours daily at average San Diego electricity rates
Submersible Pump Operating Cost
$15-$30/month
Similar usage with equivalent submersible pump due to higher efficiency
Over a 20-year pump lifespan, this efficiency difference can save $3,600-$4,800 in electricity costs—often offsetting the higher initial cost of submersible installation.
Learn more about managing your well pump electricity costs and when an upgrade makes financial sense.
Maintenance and Repair Considerations
Jet Pump Maintenance
Jet pumps are accessible, which makes routine maintenance easier:
- Check and adjust pressure switch settings
- Inspect for leaks at fittings and pump body
- Monitor pressure gauge for performance changes
- Winterize if in unheated location
- Replace worn impellers or seals
When repairs are needed, a handy homeowner can often handle them. However, jet pumps require more frequent attention—expect service calls every few years.
Submersible Pump Maintenance
Submersible pumps require virtually no routine maintenance while functioning—they're sealed and protected underground. However:
- When problems occur, the pump must be pulled from the well
- This requires specialized equipment (pump puller or rig)
- Professional service typically costs $1,000-$3,000
- Not a DIY job for most homeowners
💡 The Trade-Off
Submersible pumps need less frequent service but each service event costs more. Jet pumps need more frequent attention but each repair is cheaper. Over 20 years, total maintenance costs often balance out—but submersibles give you more uninterrupted years between problems.
For troubleshooting common issues, see our guides on well pump humming but not working and pump short cycling causes.
Water Pressure and Flow Rate
Both pump types can deliver adequate pressure and flow when properly sized, but submersible pumps have advantages:
Submersible Pump Pressure Advantages
- Consistent pressure: Pushes water steadily regardless of depth
- Higher flow rates: Available in sizes exceeding 25 GPM easily
- Better for irrigation: Can handle high-demand situations
- Variable speed options: Constant pressure models maintain exact PSI
Jet Pump Pressure Limitations
- Pressure drops with depth: Performance degrades as lift increases
- Flow rate limits: Typically max 10-15 GPM for residential models
- Priming issues: Air leaks cause pressure loss and pump damage
- Cavitation risk: Running dry damages the pump quickly
If you're experiencing pressure drops during high demand, upgrading to a properly sized submersible pump often solves the problem permanently.
Noise Considerations
Noise is often overlooked but matters significantly for quality of life:
Jet Pump Noise
60-80 Decibels
Comparable to a vacuum cleaner or conversation. Audible throughout nearby rooms when pump cycles on.
Submersible Pump Noise
Virtually Silent
Pump is 100+ feet underground. Only sound is water flowing through pipes, which is minimal.
For properties where the pump house is near bedrooms, living areas, or patios, the noise difference is significant. Many homeowners upgrading from jet pumps specifically cite noise elimination as a major benefit.
Installation Requirements
Jet Pump Installation
Jet pump installation is straightforward:
- Requires protected above-ground location (pump house, basement)
- Standard electrical connection (usually 220V)
- Connection to well pipe(s) and pressure tank
- Freeze protection if in unheated space
- Typical installation: 2-4 hours
Submersible Pump Installation
Submersible installation is more involved:
- Requires minimum 4" well casing diameter
- Pump lowered into well with specialized equipment
- Electrical wire runs down entire well depth
- Torque arrestors prevent pump from spinning
- Pitless adapter or well seal at surface
- Typical installation: 4-8 hours
✅ Professional Installation Recommended
While jet pumps can be DIY-installed by capable homeowners, submersible pump installation should always be done by professionals. Improper installation can drop the pump to the bottom of the well, requiring expensive retrieval.
Total Cost of Ownership Comparison
Let's look at 20-year cost of ownership for both pump types:
| Cost Category | Jet Pump (20 yrs) | Submersible (20 yrs) |
|---|---|---|
| Initial pump cost | $800 | $1,500 |
| Initial installation | $450 | $2,000 |
| Replacement (1x jet, 0x sub) | $1,250 | $0 |
| Electricity (20 years) | $9,600 | $5,400 |
| Maintenance/repairs | $2,000 | $1,500 |
| 20-Year Total | $14,100 | $10,400 |
Despite higher upfront costs, submersible pumps typically cost less over their lifetime due to efficiency, longevity, and lower maintenance needs.
For detailed pricing information, see our complete well pump replacement cost guide.
Making the Right Choice for Your Property
Choose a Submersible Pump If:
- ✓ Your well water level is deeper than 25 feet
- ✓ You want the quietest operation possible
- ✓ Energy efficiency is important to you
- ✓ You have high water demands (large home, irrigation)
- ✓ You want minimal maintenance for years
- ✓ Your well casing is 4" or larger in diameter
Choose a Jet Pump If:
- ✓ Your well water level is less than 25 feet deep
- ✓ You're pumping from a surface water source
- ✓ Your well casing is too narrow for a submersible
- ✓ Initial cost is your primary concern
- ✓ You want to do your own maintenance and repairs
- ✓ This is a temporary or backup system
Can You Switch from Jet to Submersible?
Yes! Converting from a jet pump to a submersible is a common upgrade. Requirements:
- Well casing diameter: Minimum 4" (6" preferred) to fit the pump
- Well depth: Must know total depth and static water level
- Electrical capacity: May need upgrade to 220V circuit
- Professional installation: Required for proper setup
The conversion typically costs $2,500-$4,500 including the new pump, installation, and electrical work. Most homeowners find the investment worthwhile for the improved performance and reliability.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main difference between a jet pump and submersible pump?
The main difference is location: jet pumps sit above ground and use suction to draw water up, while submersible pumps are installed deep inside the well and push water up. Submersible pumps are more efficient, quieter, and work in deeper wells, while jet pumps are easier to access for repairs.
Which pump is better for a deep well?
Submersible pumps are far better for deep wells. They work efficiently at any depth, commonly 100-400+ feet. Jet pumps are limited to about 25 feet for shallow well models or 70-90 feet maximum for deep well jet pumps, and lose efficiency as depth increases.
How much does a jet pump cost compared to a submersible pump?
Jet pumps cost $400-$1,200 for the unit, with installation around $300-$600 since they're above ground. Submersible pumps cost $600-$2,500 for the unit, but installation runs $1,000-$3,000+ due to the specialized equipment needed to lower them into the well.
Which pump type lasts longer?
Submersible pumps typically last 15-25 years when properly sized and installed. Jet pumps average 10-15 years. Submersibles last longer partly because they stay submerged (protected from weather and always cooled by water), while jet pumps endure temperature swings and run hotter.
Are submersible pumps quieter than jet pumps?
Yes, submersible pumps are virtually silent since they're deep underground inside the well. Jet pumps sit in your pump house or basement and make noticeable noise when running. For properties where the pump is near living spaces, the noise difference is significant.
Can I replace my jet pump with a submersible pump?
Yes, if your well has adequate casing diameter (4 inches minimum for most residential submersibles). This is a common upgrade for homeowners wanting better efficiency, less noise, and improved water pressure. The conversion requires running new electrical wiring down the well.
Which pump is more efficient?
Submersible pumps are significantly more efficient. They push water up from below, while jet pumps must create suction to pull water up against gravity. Submersibles convert about 50-70% of their energy into water movement; jet pumps may only achieve 25-40% efficiency, especially in deeper applications.
What happens if my submersible pump fails?
When a submersible pump fails, it must be pulled from the well using specialized equipment—a significant job requiring professional service. This is the main downside of submersible pumps. However, their longer lifespan means you'll need this service less often than jet pump repairs.
Need Help Choosing the Right Pump?
Our team can evaluate your well and recommend the best pump type for your specific situation. We install both jet pumps and submersible pumps, and we'll give you an honest recommendation based on what's best for your property—not the most expensive option.
